Django REST Framework(DRF)

1. 가상환경 셋팅 및 프로젝트 설정

pip install djangorestframework

→ DRF 설치

# Create the project directory
mkdir tutorial
cd tutorial

# Create a virtual environment to isolate our package dependencies locally
python3 -m venv env
source env/bin/activate  # On Windows use `env\Scripts\activate`

# Install Django and Django REST framework into the virtual environment
pip install django
pip install djangorestframework

# Set up a new project with a single application
django-admin startproject tutorial .  # Note the trailing '.' character
cd tutorial
django-admin startapp quickstart
cd ..

● 프로젝트 setting.py

INSTALLED_APPS = [
    'django.contrib.admin',
    'django.contrib.auth',
    'django.contrib.contenttypes',
    'django.contrib.sessions',
    'django.contrib.messages',
    'django.contrib.staticfiles',
]    

INSTALLED_APPS += [
    'rest_framework',
]
 

2. Serializer

 - Queryset, Model 과 같은 복잡한 데이터를 JSON, XML 형태로 변환시켜줌

 - Restful API는 JSON형태로 데이터를 보내야 하기 때문에 HTTP 랜더링을 사용하는 Django Template를 사용하지 못하고 Serializer를 사용하여 JSON형태로 변환시켜 보냄

 - ModelForm과 유사하게 동작

● serializers.py

from rest_framework import serializers
from .models import Notice
from django.contrib.auth.models import User

class UserSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
    class Meta:
        model = User
        fields = ('id', 'username', 'email')
        
class NoticeSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
    class Meta:
        model = Notice
        fields = ('name', 'title', 'content',)

3. View

● views.py

from django.contrib.auth.models import User
from .models import Notice
from rest_framework import viewsets
from rest_framework import permissions
from tutorial.quickstart.serializers import UserSerializer, NoticeSerializer

class UserViewSet(viewsets.ModelViewSet):

    queryset = User.objects.all().order_by('-date_joined')
    serializer_class = UserSerializer
    permission_classes = [permissions.IsAuthenticated]

class NoticeViewSet(viewsets.ModelViewSet):

    queryset = Notice.objects.all()
    serializer_class = NoticeSerializer
    permission_classes = [permissions.IsAuthenticated]

4. URL

● urls.py

from django.urls import path, include
from rest_framework.urlpatterns import format_suffix_patterns
from tutorial.quickstart import views

notice_list = NoticeView.as_view({
    'post': 'create',
    'get': 'list'
})
notice_detail = NoticeView.as_view({
    'get': 'retrieve',
    'put': 'update',
    'patch': 'partial_update',
    'delete': 'destroy'
})

urlpatterns = format_suffix_patterns([
    path('auth/', include('rest_framework.urls', namespace='rest_framework')),
    path('notice/', notice_list, name='notice_list'),
    path('notice/<int:pk>/', notice_detail, name='notice_detail'),
])